BOOKS OF THE YEAR
In His New Book, Daniel Kehlmann Says Hello to a Cruel World
“Tyll,” a best-selling novel in Germany and soon to be a Netflix series, is set in the dark times its author couldn’t get out of his head.
Tobias Grey
February 3, 2020
BERLIN — When Daniel Kehlmann read the news that the former Nissan executive Carlos Ghosn, facing financial misconduct charges in Japan, fled the country in a box, he couldn’t help but feel a twinge of admiration.
It was the kind of caper that he might have written into one of his novels, where escape artists, pranksters or con men often outwit their adversaries. For example: “Tyll,” his latest book, which Pantheon will publish in an English translation by Ross Benjamin on Feb. 11. It has sold nearly 600,000 copies in Germany since it was published there in 2017, and is being adapted by Netflix as a television series.
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| Vincent Tullo for The New York Times |
“Tyll” transmits the 14th-century tale of the jester Tyll Ulenspiegel about 300 years into the future, plopping him into the Thirty Years’ War. Tyll travels through a Europe devastated by conflict, encountering fraudsters, soldiers and royalty, including Queen Elizabeth of Bohemia, whose love of Shakespeare chimes with Tyll’s own sense of theatrical spectacle.
Kehlmann’s eighth novel and the sixth one to come out in English, “Tyll” is also his second book of historical fiction, following his 2005 best seller “Measuring the World.” “Tyll” has either been or is being translated into more than 20 languages. But for a long time it was a novel that Kehlmann, who turned 45 in January, was reluctant to write.
“It might sound very weird now, but I actually don’t like historical novels,” he says. “When I wrote ‘Measuring the World,’ I told myself: ‘This is an experiment, I’m never going to write another historical novel.’”
“Measuring,” which is set in the 19th century, follows the adventures of two historic Germans — the naturalist Alexander von Humboldt and the mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss — as they set out to measure the world from its highest mountain to its deepest cave. With “Tyll,” Kehlmann envisioned something darker, about wars of religion and the impotence of statecraft.
“In a way, it’s a serious literary experiment in trying to imagine what the world was like before the Enlightenment,” he says, “what was it really like to live in a world before Voltaire, Newton and all these people. It’s great to write about, but of course you wouldn’t want to spend even an hour in this world.”
At one point, Tyll goads the residents of a German village to take off their shoes, throw them into the air and then reclaim the ones that belong to them — watching with amusement as a brawl ensues. “I was about 7 years old when I heard this story at school, which was presented to us as something didactic, as if Tyll is showing people their folly,” Kehlmann says. “But that’s not true. The only thing that story actually demonstrates is that everyone had the same kind of shoes, and he’s just being a really mean prankster.”
The idea of a jester character appealed to Kehlmann, he says, “because he’s someone who could go anywhere and meet anybody at a time when there was not much social mobility.”
“Tyll” took him five years to write, twice as long as any of his other novels. Kehlmann was about two-thirds of the way through when Donald Trump was elected president in 2016. Kehlmann, his wife, the human-rights lawyer Anne Rubesame, and their son, Oscar, live in Manhattan, after years shuttling between New York and Berlin.
“When Trump won, I was so shocked and worried that for a while I couldn’t write anymore,” Kehlmann says. “But then I thought of Tyll’s resilience and his way of making fun of anything. It was revelatory because I’d never had any experience of my own character helping me to finish something or to cope.”
One of Kehlmann’s hallmarks as a novelist is the impish humor that he injects into bleak and absurd situations. It is there in “Tyll” and “Measuring,” but also in his modern-day novels, such as “Me and Kaminski” (2003), “Fame” (2009) and “F” (2013), where the vanities of artists, actors, writers and businessmen are exposed by their appetite for outlandish quests.
“His fascination for comic writing is very unusual in German literature nowadays, especially the way he combines it with elements of horror,” says Alexander Fest, Kehlmann’s longtime editor at his German publisher Rowohlt Verlag. “I think he grew fascinated by Tyll Ulenspiegel because two of the things he’s interested in came together in this one character. Tyll is an uncanny figure in the way he makes fun of people and is funny — not for the people he makes fun of, but for the others standing around.”
Kehlmann, who was raised in Vienna, credits his Austrian roots for this sensibility. “There is quite a lot of comic literature in Austria which didn’t travel a lot because the canon of German literature is still very much formed by northern Germany,” he says. “My growing up in Austria gave me a certain distance from the funny side of German culture, and the ability to make fun of it that maybe I wouldn’t have had if I’d grown up in Berlin.”
He studied philosophy and German literature at the University of Vienna, but was more interested in Latin American magical realists like Gabriel García Márquez and Mario Vargas Llosa. “I was always captivated by stories of escape, especially escape by means of tricks and brilliance of the mind,” he says.
Part of this fascination also stemmed from the experiences of his family during World War II. His paternal grandparents were assimilated Austrian Jews who survived thanks to forged documents that disguised their identity. His father, Michael, was imprisoned in the Maria Lanzendorf concentration camp, but was released about a month before the end of the war.
Michael Kehlmann went on to have a productive career as a TV and theater director. Daniel Kehlmann regrets that his father never got to read “Measuring the World,” as he was suffering from dementia and died two months after it came out.
But without knowing it, a baton had been passed. While Michael Kehlmann was alive, his son never considered writing for the theater.
“I always felt like theater was my father’s world, so I didn’t want to get close to it,” Daniel Kehlmann says. “But when I wrote ‘Measuring the World,’ one of the upsides of writing a big best seller was that it freed me up to try out many things.”
He recently completed his fourth play, “The Voyage of the St. Louis,” about Jewish refugees who left Germany in 1939, were refused entry in Cuba and the United States, then turned back to Europe. Later this year it will be performed as a BBC radio play in an adaptation by Tom Stoppard.
For Kehlmann, the new play feels like a corrective. German fans for years congratulated him on writing books that had no relation to Nazi Germany. “I told them that I knew where they were coming from, but I didn’t set out to be official proof that we have left that past behind,” he says. “We haven’t, and we shouldn’t.”
Correction: Feb. 4, 2020
An earlier version of this article misstated the century in which Daniel Kehlmann’s book “Measuring the World” takes place. It is set in the 19th century, not the 18th.
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